🇨🇩 Outbreak Investigation of Ebola Virus Disease in North Kivu
  • Overview
  • Case description at Admission
  • Diagnosis, Treatment and Complications
  • Daily assessment
  • Drug Infusion
  • Adverse Events
  • Ct kinetics
  • Logistic models
  • Survival analyses
Cases
463
Deaths
150
CFR (%)
32%
Female (%)
56%
  • Cases distribution in 🇨🇩 North Kivu
  • Cases by CTE
  • 📈 Cases by Outcome and Month
  • Age and Sex Distribution - Cases
  • Symptoms by outcome
  • Symptoms at Admission
  • Symptoms anytime by outcome
  • Symptoms anytime
  • Clinical Signs by outcome
  • Clinical Signs
  • Bleeding by Outcome
  • Bleeding
  • Characteristics by outcome
  • Characteristics by outcome (binary)
  • Characteristics by Sex at Birth
  • Characteristics by CTE
Population characteristics
Characteristic Death
N = 1501
Full recovery with sequelae
N = 11
Full recovery without sequelae
N = 2571
Referred to another facility
N = 31
Unknown
N = 521
p-value2
Age at admission – – – – – 0.83
    Median (Min, Max) 30 (3, 70) 42 (42, 42) 32 (1, 71) 37 (25, 48) 29 (1, 63) –
Age Group – – – – – –
    <5 2 (1.4%) 0 (0%) 7 (2.9%) 0 (0%) 2 (4.1%) –
    5-17 18 (12%) 0 (0%) 20 (8.2%) 0 (0%) 6 (12%) –
    18-24 26 (18%) 0 (0%) 53 (22%) 0 (0%) 11 (22%) –
    25-34 44 (30%) 0 (0%) 60 (25%) 1 (50%) 10 (20%) –
    35-49 37 (25%) 1 (100%) 70 (29%) 1 (50%) 13 (27%) –
    50+ 19 (13%) 0 (0%) 33 (14%) 0 (0%) 7 (14%) –
Gender – – – – – 0.88
    Male 67 (45%) 0 (0%) 110 (43%) 2 (67%) 24 (46%) –
    Female 83 (55%) 1 (100%) 147 (57%) 1 (33%) 28 (54%) –
Patient occupation – – – – – 0.02
    Healthcare worker 9 (11%) 0 (0%) 33 (23%) 0 (0%) 3 (6.8%) –
    Non-healthcare worker 38 (46%) 1 (100%) 66 (46%) 1 (50%) 29 (66%) –
    Unknown 36 (43%) 0 (0%) 43 (30%) 1 (50%) 12 (27%) –
Is the patient pregnant? 5 (3.3%) 0 (0%) 11 (4.3%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0.48
Does the patient have any comorbid conditions? 4 (2.7%) 0 (0%) 3 (1.2%) 0 (0%) 1 (1.9%) 0.53
Diabetes 1 (0.7%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0.44
HIV 2 (1.3%) 0 (0%) 1 (0.4%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0.70
Chronic pulmonary disease 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 1 (0.4%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 1.00
Bleeding 22 (15%) 0 (0%) 15 (5.8%) 0 (0%) 4 (7.7%) 0.04
Fever 88 (59%) 0 (0%) 144 (56%) 2 (67%) 26 (50%) 0.66
Diarrhoea 70 (47%) 1 (100%) 77 (30%) 0 (0%) 15 (29%) 0.00
Shock 2 (1.3%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0.21
Confusion 1 (0.7%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0.44
Ebola RDT – – – – – 0.76
    Oraquick 2 (1.6%) 0 (NA%) 2 (0.9%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) –
    Not done 126 (98%) 0 (NA%) 212 (99%) 2 (100%) 35 (100%) –
Admission Delay – – – – – 0.00
    Median (Min, Max) 5.0 (0.0, 39.0) 4.0 (4.0, 4.0) 3.0 (0.0, 32.0) 4.0 (3.0, 5.0) 4.0 (0.0, 33.0) –
Ct (lowest) – – – – – 0.00
    Median (Min, Max) 21 (13, 40) -- 29 (18, 42) 22 (16, 34) 24 (16, 33) –
Result of GeneXpert PCR – – – – – 0.80
    Positive 130 (100%) 0 (NA%) 212 (99%) 3 (100%) 41 (100%) –
    Negative 0 (0%) 0 (NA%) 2 (0.9%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) –
    Indeterminate 0 (0%) 0 (NA%) 1 (0.5%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) –
Platelets (x10⁹/L) – – – – – 0.67
    Median (Min, Max) 164 (30, 385) -- 142 (27, 385) 199 (181, 216) 168 (168, 168) –
Haemoglobin (g/L) – – – – – 0.54
    Median (Min, Max) 13.80 (10.60, 17.90) -- 12.90 (9.00, 17.90) 12.05 (10.10, 14.00) 11.20 (11.20, 11.20) –
Calcium (mmol/L) US – – – – – 0.00
    Median (Min, Max) 7.75 (4.00, 9.00) 4.00 (4.00, 4.00) 8.70 (4.00, 10.40) 9.45 (9.00, 9.90) 8.05 (7.80, 8.90) –
Antibacterial treatment 136 (91%) 1 (100%) 206 (80%) 1 (33%) 46 (88%) 0.01
Antimalarial treatment 119 (79%) 1 (100%) 176 (68%) 0 (0%) 41 (79%) 0.00
Ebola experimental treatment 72 (48%) 0 (0%) 105 (41%) 2 (67%) 23 (44%) 0.48
Oral/orogastric fluids 21 (14%) 1 (100%) 48 (19%) 1 (33%) 8 (15%) 0.16
Oxygen therapy 3 (2.0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0.09
Blood transfusion 4 (2.7%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0.06
Vasopressors/inotropes 1 (0.7%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0.44
Hyperkaliemia 6 (4.0%) 0 (0%) 2 (0.8%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0.12
Hypokaliemia 1 (0.7%) 0 (0%) 9 (3.5%) 0 (0%) 1 (1.9%) 0.25
Renal impairment 20 (13%) 1 (100%) 21 (8.2%) 0 (0%) 2 (3.8%) 0.03
Rhabdomyolysis 13 (8.7%) 0 (0%) 6 (2.3%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0.02
Severe hypoglycemia 4 (2.7%) 0 (0%) 2 (0.8%) 0 (0%) 1 (1.9%) 0.26
Severe thrombocytopenia 1 (0.7%) 0 (0%) 2 (0.8%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 1.00
1 n (%)
2 Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test; NA; Fisher’s exact test
Population characteristics
Characteristic Deceased
N = 1501
Recovered
N = 2581
p-value2
Age at admission – – 0.66
    Median (Min, Max) 30 (3, 70) 32 (1, 71) –
Age Group – – 0.47
    <5 2 (1.4%) 7 (2.9%) –
    5-17 18 (12%) 20 (8.2%) –
    18-24 26 (18%) 53 (22%) –
    25-34 44 (30%) 60 (25%) –
    35-49 37 (25%) 71 (29%) –
    50+ 19 (13%) 33 (14%) –
Gender – – 0.69
    Male 67 (45%) 110 (43%) –
    Female 83 (55%) 148 (57%) –
Patient occupation – – 0.03
    Healthcare worker 9 (11%) 33 (23%) –
    Non-healthcare worker 38 (46%) 67 (47%) –
    Unknown 36 (43%) 43 (30%) –
Is the patient pregnant? 5 (3.3%) 11 (4.3%) 0.64
Does the patient have any comorbid conditions? 4 (2.7%) 3 (1.2%) 0.27
Diabetes 1 (0.7%) 0 (0%) 0.37
HIV 2 (1.3%) 1 (0.4%) 0.56
Chronic pulmonary disease 0 (0%) 1 (0.4%) 1.00
Bleeding 22 (15%) 15 (5.8%) 0.00
Fever 88 (59%) 144 (56%) 0.57
Diarrhoea 70 (47%) 78 (30%) 0.00
Shock 2 (1.3%) 0 (0%) 0.13
Confusion 1 (0.7%) 0 (0%) 0.37
Ebola RDT – – 0.63
    Oraquick 2 (1.6%) 2 (0.9%) –
    Not done 126 (98%) 212 (99%) –
Admission Delay – – 0.00
    Median (Min, Max) 5.0 (0.0, 39.0) 3.0 (0.0, 32.0) –
Ct (lowest) – – 0.00
    Median (Min, Max) 21 (13, 40) 29 (18, 42) –
Result of GeneXpert PCR – – 0.71
    Positive 130 (100%) 212 (99%) –
    Negative 0 (0%) 2 (0.9%) –
    Indeterminate 0 (0%) 1 (0.5%) –
Platelets (x10⁹/L) – – 0.56
    Median (Min, Max) 164 (30, 385) 142 (27, 385) –
Haemoglobin (g/L) – – 0.28
    Median (Min, Max) 13.80 (10.60, 17.90) 12.90 (9.00, 17.90) –
Calcium (mmol/L) US – – 0.00
    Median (Min, Max) 7.75 (4.00, 9.00) 8.70 (4.00, 10.40) –
Antibacterial treatment 136 (91%) 207 (80%) 0.01
Antimalarial treatment 119 (79%) 177 (69%) 0.02
Ebola experimental treatment 72 (48%) 105 (41%) 0.15
Oral/orogastric fluids 21 (14%) 49 (19%) 0.20
Oxygen therapy 3 (2.0%) 0 (0%) 0.05
Blood transfusion 4 (2.7%) 0 (0%) 0.02
Vasopressors/inotropes 1 (0.7%) 0 (0%) 0.37
Hyperkaliemia 6 (4.0%) 2 (0.8%) 0.06
Hypokaliemia 1 (0.7%) 9 (3.5%) 0.10
Renal impairment 20 (13%) 22 (8.5%) 0.12
Rhabdomyolysis 13 (8.7%) 6 (2.3%) 0.00
Severe hypoglycemia 4 (2.7%) 2 (0.8%) 0.20
Severe thrombocytopenia 1 (0.7%) 2 (0.8%) 1.00
1 n (%)
2 Wilcoxon rank sum test; Fisher’s exact test; Pearson’s Chi-squared test
Population characteristics
Characteristic Male
N = 2031
Female
N = 2601
p-value2
Age at admission – – 0.45
    Median (Min, Max) 32 (1, 71) 30 (1, 70) –
Age Group – – –
    <5 5 (2.6%) 6 (2.4%) –
    5-17 19 (10%) 25 (10.0%) –
    18-24 30 (16%) 60 (24%) –
    25-34 55 (29%) 60 (24%) –
    35-49 62 (33%) 60 (24%) –
    50+ 19 (10%) 40 (16%) –
Patient occupation – – 0.17
    Healthcare worker 22 (18%) 23 (15%) –
    Non-healthcare worker 64 (54%) 71 (46%) –
    Unknown 33 (28%) 59 (39%) –
Is the patient pregnant? 0 (0%) 16 (6.2%) 0.00
Does the patient have any comorbid conditions? 3 (1.5%) 5 (1.9%) 1.00
Diabetes 0 (0%) 1 (0.4%) 1.00
HIV 1 (0.5%) 2 (0.8%) 1.00
Chronic pulmonary disease 1 (0.5%) 0 (0%) 0.44
Bleeding 13 (6.4%) 28 (11%) 0.10
Fever 115 (57%) 145 (56%) 0.85
Diarrhoea 62 (31%) 101 (39%) 0.06
Shock 1 (0.5%) 1 (0.4%) 1.00
Confusion 0 (0%) 1 (0.4%) 1.00
Ebola RDT – – 0.63
    Oraquick 1 (0.6%) 3 (1.4%) –
    Not done 170 (99%) 205 (99%) –
Admission Delay – – 0.33
    Median (Min, Max) 4.0 (0.0, 28.0) 4.0 (0.0, 39.0) –
Ct (lowest) – – 0.62
    Median (Min, Max) 24 (13, 40) 24 (15, 42) –
Result of GeneXpert PCR – – 0.34
    Positive 173 (99%) 213 (99%) –
    Negative 0 (0%) 2 (0.9%) –
    Indeterminate 1 (0.6%) 0 (0%) –
Platelets (x10⁹/L) – – 0.84
    Median (Min, Max) 166 (142, 181) 153 (27, 385) –
Haemoglobin (g/L) – – 0.74
    Median (Min, Max) 12.45 (10.60, 14.00) 13.15 (9.00, 17.90) –
Calcium (mmol/L) US – – 0.90
    Median (Min, Max) 8.30 (4.00, 9.70) 8.25 (4.00, 10.40) –
Antibacterial treatment 173 (85%) 217 (83%) 0.61
Antimalarial treatment 160 (79%) 177 (68%) 0.01
Ebola experimental treatment 89 (44%) 113 (43%) 0.93
Oral/orogastric fluids 38 (19%) 41 (16%) 0.40
Oxygen therapy 1 (0.5%) 2 (0.8%) 1.00
Blood transfusion 2 (1.0%) 2 (0.8%) 1.00
Vasopressors/inotropes 1 (0.5%) 0 (0%) 0.44
Outcome at discharge – – 0.88
    Death 67 (33%) 83 (32%) –
    Full recovery with sequelae 0 (0%) 1 (0.4%) –
    Full recovery without sequelae 110 (54%) 147 (57%) –
    Referred to another facility 2 (1.0%) 1 (0.4%) –
    Unknown 24 (12%) 28 (11%) –
Hyperkaliemia 3 (1.5%) 5 (1.9%) 1.00
Hypokaliemia 3 (1.5%) 8 (3.1%) 0.36
Renal impairment 18 (8.9%) 26 (10%) 0.68
Rhabdomyolysis 11 (5.4%) 8 (3.1%) 0.21
Severe hypoglycemia 2 (1.0%) 5 (1.9%) 0.47
Severe thrombocytopenia 0 (0%) 3 (1.2%) 0.26
1 n (%)
2 Wilcoxon rank sum test; NA; Pearson’s Chi-squared test; Fisher’s exact test
Population characteristics
Characteristic CTE001
N = 991
CTE002
N = 661
CTE003
N = 2291
CTE004
N = 671
CTE1111
N = 11
CTE222
N = 11
p-value2
Age at admission – – – – – – 0.09
    Median (Min, Max) 31 (1, 66) 29 (3, 65) 32 (1, 70) 34 (4, 71) 18 (18, 18) 32 (32, 32) –
Age Group – – – – – – –
    <5 2 (2.1%) 2 (3.1%) 6 (2.8%) 1 (1.5%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) –
    5-17 10 (11%) 7 (11%) 17 (7.9%) 10 (15%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) –
    18-24 26 (27%) 16 (25%) 40 (19%) 7 (11%) 1 (100%) 0 (0%) –
    25-34 17 (18%) 23 (35%) 58 (27%) 16 (25%) 0 (0%) 1 (100%) –
    35-49 32 (34%) 9 (14%) 55 (26%) 26 (40%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) –
    50+ 8 (8.4%) 8 (12%) 38 (18%) 5 (7.7%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) –
Gender – – – – – – 0.01
    Male 30 (30%) 31 (47%) 103 (45%) 38 (57%) 0 (0%) 1 (100%) –
    Female 69 (70%) 35 (53%) 126 (55%) 29 (43%) 1 (100%) 0 (0%) –
Patient occupation – – – – – – –
    Healthcare worker 10 (32%) 14 (45%) 18 (12%) 2 (3.4%) 0 (0%) 1 (100%) –
    Non-healthcare worker 6 (19%) 7 (23%) 99 (66%) 22 (38%) 1 (100%) 0 (0%) –
    Unknown 15 (48%) 10 (32%) 33 (22%) 34 (59%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) –
Is the patient pregnant? 10 (10%) 1 (1.5%) 5 (2.2%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0.01
Does the patient have any comorbid conditions? 0 (0%) 2 (3.0%) 5 (2.2%) 1 (1.5%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0.42
Diabetes 0 (0%) 1 (1.5%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0.15
HIV 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 3 (1.3%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0.84
Chronic pulmonary disease 0 (0%) 1 (1.5%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0.15
Bleeding 10 (10%) 7 (11%) 19 (8.3%) 5 (7.5%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0.89
Fever 68 (69%) 47 (71%) 115 (50%) 28 (42%) 1 (100%) 1 (100%) 0.00
Diarrhoea 42 (42%) 36 (55%) 69 (30%) 15 (22%) 1 (100%) 0 (0%) 0.00
Shock 2 (2.0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0.14
Confusion 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 1 (0.4%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 1.00
Ebola RDT – – – – – – 0.00
    Oraquick 3 (4.2%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 1 (100%) 0 (0%) –
    Not done 69 (96%) 54 (100%) 209 (100%) 42 (100%) 0 (0%) 1 (100%) –
Admission Delay – – – – – – 0.99
    Median (Min, Max) 4.0 (0.0, 39.0) 4.0 (0.0, 21.0) 4.0 (0.0, 34.0) 4.0 (0.0, 28.0) 5.0 (5.0, 5.0) -- –
Ct (lowest) – – – – – – 0.44
    Median (Min, Max) 23 (13, 42) 25 (17, 33) 24 (16, 40) 24 (16, 40) 19 (19, 19) -- –
Result of GeneXpert PCR – – – – – – 0.56
    Positive 69 (99%) 58 (100%) 212 (99%) 45 (100%) 1 (100%) 1 (100%) –
    Negative 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 2 (0.9%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) –
    Indeterminate 1 (1.4%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) –
Platelets (x10⁹/L) – – – – – – 0.12
    Median (Min, Max) 159 (27, 385) -- -- -- 385 (385, 385) -- –
Haemoglobin (g/L) – – – – – – 0.93
    Median (Min, Max) 13.10 (9.00, 17.90) -- -- -- 13.20 (13.20, 13.20) -- –
Calcium (mmol/L) US – – – – – – 0.63
    Median (Min, Max) 8.20 (4.00, 10.40) 8.70 (4.00, 9.70) 7.80 (7.10, 9.80) 6.45 (4.00, 8.90) 8.30 (8.30, 8.30) -- –
Antibacterial treatment 53 (54%) 60 (91%) 221 (97%) 55 (82%) 1 (100%) 0 (0%) 0.00
Antimalarial treatment 10 (10%) 57 (86%) 218 (95%) 51 (76%) 1 (100%) 0 (0%) 0.00
Ebola experimental treatment 29 (29%) 48 (73%) 95 (41%) 28 (42%) 1 (100%) 1 (100%) 0.00
Oral/orogastric fluids 8 (8.1%) 12 (18%) 48 (21%) 11 (16%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0.07
Oxygen therapy 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 2 (0.9%) 1 (1.5%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0.72
Blood transfusion 3 (3.0%) 0 (0%) 1 (0.4%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0.14
Vasopressors/inotropes 1 (1.0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0.51
Outcome at discharge – – – – – – –
    Death 28 (28%) 25 (38%) 81 (35%) 16 (24%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) –
    Full recovery with sequelae 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 1 (1.5%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) –
    Full recovery without sequelae 64 (65%) 41 (62%) 127 (55%) 23 (34%) 1 (100%) 1 (100%) –
    Referred to another facility 2 (2.0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 1 (1.5%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) –
    Unknown 5 (5.1%) 0 (0%) 21 (9.2%) 26 (39%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) –
Hyperkaliemia 4 (4.0%) 1 (1.5%) 3 (1.3%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0.26
Hypokaliemia 7 (7.1%) 3 (4.5%) 0 (0%) 1 (1.5%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0.00
Renal impairment 24 (24%) 7 (11%) 9 (3.9%) 3 (4.5%) 1 (100%) 0 (0%) 0.00
Rhabdomyolysis 9 (9.1%) 4 (6.1%) 5 (2.2%) 0 (0%) 1 (100%) 0 (0%) 0.00
Severe hypoglycemia 3 (3.0%) 1 (1.5%) 3 (1.3%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0.49
Severe thrombocytopenia 3 (3.0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0.05
1 n (%)
2 Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test; NA; Fisher’s exact test
  • Table of Symptoms at Admission
  • Table of Symptoms at Admission by outcome
Symptoms Prevalence at Admission
Variable Number of Cases Prevalence Frequency1
Fatigue/Weakness/Malaise 70.4% 326 / 463
Anorexia 57.5% 266 / 463
Fever 56.2% 260 / 463
Headache 49.5% 229 / 463
Myalgia/Body Pain 49.0% 227 / 463
Nausea/Vomiting 48.4% 224 / 463
Diarrhoea 35.2% 163 / 463
Abdominal pain 34.3% 159 / 463
Chest Pain 17.9% 83 / 463
Sore throat/Swallowing 16.2% 75 / 463
Difficulty breathing 5.8% 27 / 463
Hiccups 5.8% 27 / 463
Irriability/Confusion 1.3% 6 / 463
1 Among all cases, assuming missing = Absence.
Symptoms by outcome
Characteristic Death
N = 1501
Recovered
N = 2581
p-value2
Fever 88 (59%) 144 (56%) 0.57
Anorexia 94 (63%) 147 (57%) 0.26
Headache 78 (52%) 124 (48%) 0.44
Chest Pain 32 (21%) 47 (18%) 0.44
Hiccups 10 (6.7%) 17 (6.6%) 0.98
Difficulty breathing 14 (9.3%) 11 (4.3%) 0.04
Abdominal pain 61 (41%) 84 (33%) 0.10
Diarrhoea 70 (47%) 78 (30%) 0.00
Irriability/Confusion 3 (2.0%) 2 (0.8%) 0.36
Fatigue/Weakness/Malaise 120 (80%) 169 (66%) 0.00
Myalgia/Body Pain 85 (57%) 117 (45%) 0.03
Sore throat/Swallowing 38 (25%) 33 (13%) 0.00
Nausea/Vomiting 89 (59%) 117 (45%) 0.01
1 n (%)
2 Pearson’s Chi-squared test; Fisher’s exact test
  • Cases and CFR (%) by month
  • Cases and CFR (%) by Ct value
  • Cases and CFR from admission
  • Treatments at Admission
  • Experimental Treatments at Admission
  • Table of Treatments at Admission by outcome
  • 🔬 Severe Laboratory Abnormalities
  • 🔬 Lab Results by outcome
  • Complications
Treatments by outcome
Characteristic Death
N = 1501
Recovered
N = 2581
p-value2
Antibacterial treatment 136 (91%) 207 (80%) 0.01
Antimalarial treatment 119 (79%) 177 (69%) 0.02
Other type of treatment 134 (89%) 202 (78%) 0.00
Ebola experimental treatment 72 (48%) 105 (41%) 0.15
Oral/orogastric fluids 21 (14%) 49 (19%) 0.20
Oxygen therapy 3 (2.0%) 0 (0%) 0.05
Blood transfusion 4 (2.7%) 0 (0%) 0.02
Vasopressors/inotropes 1 (0.7%) 0 (0%) 0.37
Remdesivir (GS-5734) 26 (17%) 22 (8.5%) 0.01
Zmapp 5 (3.3%) 1 (0.4%) 0.03
mAb114 18 (12%) 53 (21%) 0.03
REGN3470-3471-3479 22 (15%) 27 (10%) 0.21
1 n (%)
2 Pearson’s Chi-squared test; Fisher’s exact test
Laboratory results by outcome
Characteristic Overall
N = 4081
Death
N = 1501
Recovered
N = 2581
p-value2
Hyperkaliemia 8 (2.0%) 6 (4.0%) 2 (0.8%) 0.06
Hypokaliemia 10 (2.5%) 1 (0.7%) 9 (3.5%) 0.10
Renal impairment 42 (10%) 20 (13%) 22 (8.5%) 0.12
Rhabdomyolysis 19 (4.7%) 13 (8.7%) 6 (2.3%) 0.00
Severe hypoglycemia 6 (1.5%) 4 (2.7%) 2 (0.8%) 0.20
Severe thrombocytopenia 3 (0.7%) 1 (0.7%) 2 (0.8%) 1.00
Haemoglobin (g/L) – – – 0.28
    Median (Min, Max) 13.20 (9.00, 17.90) 13.80 (10.60, 17.90) 12.90 (9.00, 17.90) –
WBC count (x10⁹/L) – – – 0.33
    Median (Min, Max) 9 (2, 81) 10 (3, 81) 8 (2, 52) –
Platelets (x10⁹/L) – – – 0.56
    Median (Min, Max) 148 (27, 385) 164 (30, 385) 142 (27, 385) –
ALT/SGPT (U/L) US – – – 0.00
    Median (Min, Max) 186 (12, 2,000) 397 (22, 2,000) 136 (12, 1,100) –
AST/SGO (U/L) US – – – 0.02
    Median (Min, Max) 367 (11, 2,000) 726 (40, 2,000) 136 (11, 2,000) –
Bilirubin (mg/dL) – – – 0.00
    Median (Min, Max) 0.60 (0.10, 10.00) 0.75 (0.40, 10.00) 0.50 (0.10, 2.30) –
Creatinine (mg/dL) – – – 0.02
    Median (Min, Max) 1.20 (0.20, 12.00) 1.90 (0.50, 11.10) 1.05 (0.20, 12.00) –
Potassium (mmol/L) US – – – 0.03
    Median (Min, Max) 4.05 (1.50, 58.00) 4.30 (2.70, 58.00) 3.80 (1.50, 6.80) –
Urea (mg/dL) – – – 0.01
    Median (Min, Max) 16 (3, 151) 27 (5, 151) 10 (3, 142) –
Creatinine kinase (U/L) US – – – 0.00
    Median (Min, Max) 592 (8, 5,000) 1,056 (79, 5,000) 335 (8, 5,000) –
Calcium (mmol/L) US – – – 0.00
    Median (Min, Max) 8.30 (4.00, 10.40) 7.75 (4.00, 9.00) 8.70 (4.00, 10.40) –
Sodium (mmol/L) US – – – 0.68
    Median (Min, Max) 132 (123, 180) 132 (123, 180) 132 (123, 152) –
Glucose (mg/dL) – – – 0.86
    Median (Min, Max) 93 (42, 406) 93 (50, 406) 93 (42, 308) –
1 n (%)
2 Fisher’s exact test; Pearson’s Chi-squared test; Wilcoxon rank sum test
Complications by outcome
Characteristic Death
N = 1501
Recovered
N = 2581
p-value2
Bleeding 22 (15%) 15 (5.8%) 0.00
Shock 2 (1.3%) 0 (0%) 0.13
Confusion 1 (0.7%) 0 (0%) 0.37
Coma (P/U in AVPU scoring) 2 (1.3%) 0 (0%) 0.13
1 n (%)
2 Pearson’s Chi-squared test; Fisher’s exact test
Experimental Treatments (admission)
Intravenous Fluid
Final Outcome
  • PCR Negativation among Recovered
  • PCR Negativation Summary
Time from Onset to Negativation by Treatment
Treatment N Mean Median IQR Min Max
None 11 12.8 11.0 9.0 4.0 23.0
REGN3470-3471-3479 45 11.6 10.0 10.0 2.0 35.0
Remdesivir (GS-5734) 15 11.1 9.0 9.0 4.0 26.0
mAb114 26 12.4 11.5 9.8 4.0 35.0
Zmapp 2 5.5 5.5 0.5 5.0 6.0
  • Symptom Prevalence from onset (N≥10)
  • Admission Delay by Outcome
  • Delay by Outcome Summary
Time from Onset to Admission by Outcome
Outcome N Mean Median IQR Min Max
Deceased 147 6.1 5.0 4.5 0.0 39.0
Recovered 253 4.2 3.0 4.0 0.0 32.0
  • Symptoms Prevalence by Time of Day
  • Diurnal Symptom Overview
Symptoms by daily period
Characteristic Mornings
N = 1,1851
Middays
N = 1,1851
Evenings
N = 1,1851
p-value2
Seizure 4 (0.3%) 5 (0.4%) 2 (0.2%) 0.65
Signs of shock 4 (0.3%) 5 (0.4%) 5 (0.4%) 1.00
Agitation 10 (0.8%) 8 (0.7%) 8 (0.7%) 0.86
Anuria 10 (0.8%) 12 (1.0%) 10 (0.8%) 0.88
Difficulty breathing 17 (1.4%) 8 (0.7%) 14 (1.2%) 0.20
Desorientation 23 (1.9%) 15 (1.3%) 11 (0.9%) 0.10
Dysphagia 27 (2.3%) 21 (1.8%) 23 (1.9%) 0.67
Signs of dehydration 57 (4.8%) 40 (3.4%) 42 (3.5%) 0.14
Headache 76 (6.4%) 48 (4.1%) 52 (4.4%) 0.02
Myalgia 79 (6.7%) 41 (3.5%) 49 (4.1%) 0.00
Unusual bleeding/bruising 102 (8.6%) 67 (5.7%) 78 (6.6%) 0.02
Anorexia 143 (12%) 97 (8.2%) 108 (9.1%) 0.00
Nausea/Vomiting 170 (14%) 102 (8.6%) 125 (11%) 0.00
Diarrhoea 259 (22%) 192 (16%) 220 (19%) 0.00
Fatigue/Weakness 302 (25%) 220 (19%) 255 (22%) 0.00
1 n (%)
2 Fisher’s exact test; Pearson’s Chi-squared test
  • Symptom Severity Prevalence First Visit
  • Symptom Severity Prevalence Last Visit
  • Symptom Severity Summary First Visit
  • Symptom Severity Summary Last Visit
Symptom Pre-infusion
N = 2641
Post-infusion
N = 2601
p-value2
Dizziness

>0.9
    Mild 5 (1.9%) 4 (1.6%)
    Not present 253 (98%) 249 (98%)
Dyspepsia

0.6
    Mild 3 (1.2%) 4 (1.6%)
    Moderate 5 (1.9%) 2 (0.8%)
    Not present 250 (97%) 245 (98%)
Tremor

0.2
    Mild 6 (2.3%) 2 (0.8%)
    Moderate 0 (0%) 1 (0.4%)
    Not present 252 (98%) 248 (98%)
    Severe 0 (0%) 1 (0.4%)
Pruritis

0.8
    Mild 3 (1.2%) 2 (0.8%)
    Not present 251 (99%) 233 (99%)
    Severe 0 (0%) 1 (0.4%)
Eruption

>0.9
    Mild 3 (1.2%) 2 (0.8%)
    Moderate 1 (0.4%) 0 (0%)
    Not present 250 (98%) 234 (99%)
Bleeding

>0.9
    Mild 12 (4.7%) 12 (5.1%)
    Moderate 3 (1.2%) 3 (1.3%)
    Not present 237 (94%) 218 (93%)
    Severe 1 (0.4%) 1 (0.4%)
Anorexia

0.8
    Life-threatening 0 (0%) 1 (0.4%)
    Mild 24 (9.6%) 21 (9.1%)
    Moderate 5 (2.0%) 3 (1.3%)
    Not present 220 (88%) 207 (89%)
Diarrhoea

0.8
    Life-threatening 0 (0%) 1 (0.4%)
    Mild 26 (10%) 21 (9.1%)
    Moderate 14 (5.6%) 10 (4.3%)
    Not present 208 (83%) 196 (85%)
    Severe 4 (1.6%) 2 (0.9%)
Nausea

0.9
    Mild 34 (13%) 30 (13%)
    Moderate 5 (2.0%) 3 (1.3%)
    Not present 211 (84%) 202 (86%)
    Severe 2 (0.8%) 1 (0.4%)
Vomiting

0.2
    Mild 24 (9.6%) 20 (8.5%)
    Moderate 9 (3.6%) 2 (0.9%)
    Not present 213 (86%) 211 (90%)
    Severe 3 (1.2%) 2 (0.9%)
Constipation


    Not present 246 (100%) 231 (100%)
Headache

0.057
    Mild 12 (4.9%) 4 (1.7%)
    Moderate 0 (0%) 1 (0.4%)
    Not present 232 (95%) 225 (98%)
Hypertension

0.7
    Mild 3 (1.2%) 4 (1.7%)
    Moderate 1 (0.4%) 2 (0.9%)
    Not present 240 (98%) 224 (97%)
Hypotension

0.3
    Mild 16 (6.5%) 11 (4.8%)
    Moderate 4 (1.6%) 1 (0.4%)
    Not present 227 (92%) 218 (94%)
    Severe 0 (0%) 1 (0.4%)
Tachycradia

0.7
    Mild 34 (14%) 26 (11%)
    Moderate 19 (7.6%) 15 (6.3%)
    Not present 196 (78%) 197 (82%)
    Severe 2 (0.8%) 1 (0.4%)
Heart attack


    Not present 244 (100%) 231 (100%)
Angioedema


    Not present 244 (100%) 230 (100%)
Bronchospasm

0.5
    Mild 0 (0%) 1 (0.4%)
    Not present 241 (100%) 227 (100%)
Fever

0.3
    Mild 50 (20%) 34 (14%)
    Moderate 26 (10%) 19 (8.1%)
    Not present 170 (67%) 177 (75%)
    Severe 7 (2.8%) 6 (2.5%)
Shortness of breath

0.6
    Mild 4 (1.6%) 5 (2.2%)
    Moderate 1 (0.4%) 3 (1.3%)
    Not present 238 (98%) 222 (97%)
1 n (%)
2 Fisher’s exact test; NA
Symptom Pre-infusion
N = 2641
Post-infusion
N = 2601
p-value2
Dizziness

0.5
    Mild 3 (1.2%) 5 (2.0%)
    Not present 256 (99%) 247 (98%)
Dyspepsia

0.8
    Mild 3 (1.2%) 2 (0.8%)
    Moderate 3 (1.2%) 1 (0.4%)
    Not present 253 (98%) 247 (99%)
Tremor

0.090
    Mild 4 (1.5%) 0 (0%)
    Moderate 0 (0%) 1 (0.4%)
    Not present 255 (98%) 249 (100%)
Pruritis

0.9
    Mild 1 (0.4%) 1 (0.4%)
    Moderate 1 (0.4%) 0 (0%)
    Not present 253 (99%) 235 (99%)
    Severe 0 (0%) 1 (0.4%)
Eruption

>0.9
    Mild 1 (0.4%) 1 (0.4%)
    Moderate 1 (0.4%) 0 (0%)
    Not present 252 (99%) 235 (100%)
Bleeding

>0.9
    Mild 10 (3.9%) 9 (3.8%)
    Moderate 2 (0.8%) 2 (0.8%)
    Not present 241 (95%) 224 (95%)
    Severe 1 (0.4%) 1 (0.4%)
Anorexia

0.7
    Life-threatening 0 (0%) 1 (0.4%)
    Mild 23 (9.2%) 18 (7.7%)
    Moderate 5 (2.0%) 3 (1.3%)
    Not present 222 (89%) 213 (91%)
Diarrhoea

0.7
    Life-threatening 0 (0%) 1 (0.4%)
    Mild 24 (9.5%) 17 (7.3%)
    Moderate 13 (5.1%) 10 (4.3%)
    Not present 211 (83%) 201 (87%)
    Severe 5 (2.0%) 3 (1.3%)
Nausea

0.7
    Mild 22 (8.7%) 24 (10%)
    Moderate 8 (3.2%) 4 (1.7%)
    Not present 221 (87%) 208 (88%)
    Severe 2 (0.8%) 1 (0.4%)
Vomiting

0.4
    Mild 19 (7.6%) 13 (5.5%)
    Moderate 8 (3.2%) 3 (1.3%)
    Not present 221 (88%) 218 (92%)
    Severe 3 (1.2%) 2 (0.8%)
Constipation

>0.9
    Mild 1 (0.4%) 0 (0%)
    Not present 248 (100%) 232 (100%)
Headache

0.025
    Mild 12 (4.9%) 3 (1.3%)
    Moderate 0 (0%) 1 (0.4%)
    Not present 235 (95%) 228 (98%)
Hypertension

0.9
    Mild 4 (1.6%) 5 (2.2%)
    Moderate 1 (0.4%) 1 (0.4%)
    Not present 243 (98%) 226 (97%)
Hypotension

0.6
    Mild 16 (6.4%) 10 (4.3%)
    Moderate 2 (0.8%) 2 (0.9%)
    Not present 231 (93%) 222 (95%)
Tachycradia

0.6
    Mild 36 (14%) 25 (10%)
    Moderate 18 (7.1%) 17 (7.0%)
    Not present 195 (77%) 198 (81%)
    Severe 4 (1.6%) 4 (1.6%)
Heart attack

0.5
    Moderate 0 (0%) 1 (0.4%)
    Not present 245 (100%) 231 (100%)
Angioedema


    Not present 247 (100%) 232 (100%)
Bronchospasm

0.5
    Mild 0 (0%) 1 (0.4%)
    Not present 245 (100%) 229 (100%)
Fever

0.4
    Mild 41 (16%) 27 (11%)
    Moderate 25 (9.8%) 25 (11%)
    Not present 180 (71%) 179 (76%)
    Severe 8 (3.1%) 5 (2.1%)
Shortness of breath

0.5
    Mild 5 (2.0%) 3 (1.3%)
    Moderate 1 (0.4%) 3 (1.3%)
    Not present 242 (98%) 226 (97%)
1 n (%)
2 Fisher’s exact test; NA
  • AE Reported Overall
  • AE Reported mAb114
  • AE Reported REGN3470-3471-3479
  • AE Reported Remdesivir (GS-5734)
  • Serious AE Reported Overall
  • Serious AE Reported mAb114
  • Serious AE Reported REGN3470-3471-3479
  • Serious AE Reported Remdesivir (GS-5734)
  • AE Attributed Overall
  • AE Attributed mAb114
  • AE Attributed REGN3470-3471-3479
  • AE Attributed Remdesivir (GS-5734)
  • Serious AE Attributed Overall
  • Serious AE Attributed mAb114
  • Serious AE Attributed REGN3470-3471-3479
  • Serious AE Attributed Remdesivir (GS-5734)
  • Kinetics of Ct values among Deaths
  • Kinetics of Ct values among Deaths by Treatment Type
  • Kinetics of Ct values among Recovered
  • Kinetics of Ct values among Recovered by Treatment Type
Causal DAG of Ebola pathophysiology and outcomes
flow ImmuneMod Immune modulation DelDirect Deleterious direct effect of virus ImmuneMod->DelDirect +/- ViralLoad Viral load ViralLoad->DelDirect + OrganFail Organ failure DelDirect->OrganFail + Death Death OrganFail->Death + PreExist Pre-existing comorbidity PreExist->OrganFail + Age Age Age->PreExist +/- Sex Sex Sex->PreExist DelayedPres Delayed presentation Sex->DelayedPres Nutrition Nutrition Nutrition->PreExist + DelayedPres->ViralLoad + Vaccination Vaccination Vaccination->ViralLoad - Antiviral Antiviral therapy Antiviral->ViralLoad - Hypoperf Hypoperfusion / shock Hypoperf->OrganFail + Dehydration Dehydration Dehydration->Hypoperf + MetElect Metabolic / electrolyte derangement Dehydration->MetElect + MetElect->OrganFail + Hypoxa Hypoxaemia Hypoxa->OrganFail + Anemia Anaemia Anemia->Hypoxa + SecInf Secondary infection SecInf->OrganFail + SecInf->Hypoxa + Bleeding Bleeding Bleeding->Anemia + ORS ORS ORS->Dehydration - IVfluid IV fluid IVfluid->Dehydration - IVfluid->MetElect - Diarrhoea Diarrhoea Diarrhoea->Dehydration +
  • EVD Outcome Univariate Model
  • Renal Impairment Univariate Model
Univariate Regression: EVD Outcome
Characteristic N n_obs Event N log(OR) 95% CI p-value q-value1
Age at Admission 354 354 134 0.00 -0.02, 0.02 0.99 0.99
Age Group 354
134



    <5 years
9
— —

    5–17 years
32
1.1 -0.46, 3.1 0.20 0.50
    18–24 years
72
0.56 -0.95, 2.5 0.51 0.82
    25–34 years
94
0.95 -0.53, 2.9 0.25 0.61
    35–49 years
102
0.65 -0.83, 2.6 0.43 0.74
    50+ years
45
0.75 -0.80, 2.7 0.38 0.74
Gender 354
134



    Male
151
— —

    Female
203
-0.09 -0.52, 0.34 0.68 0.98
CT at Admission 354 354 134 -0.28 -0.35, -0.22 <0.001 <0.001
Admission Delay 354 354 134 0.09 0.04, 0.14 <0.001 0.008
Ebola Treatment 354
134



    None
28
— —

    REGN3470-3471-3479
111
0.10 -0.79, 1.1 0.83 0.99
    Remdesivir (GS-5734)
112
0.99 0.12, 1.9 0.031 0.14
    Zmapp
22
1.3 0.13, 2.5 0.033 0.14
    mAb114
79
-0.10 -1.0, 0.90 0.84 0.99
    REGN3470-3471-3479 + Remdesivir (GS-5734)
1
-14
0.99 0.99
    mAb114 + Remdesivir (GS-5734)
1
-14
0.99 0.99
Total Vol. NaCl administred 354 354 134 0.00 0.00, 0.00 0.79 0.99
Total Vol. Ringer administred 354 354 134 0.00 0.00, 0.00 0.43 0.74
Total Vol. D5NS administred 354 354 134 0.00 0.00, 0.00 0.43 0.74
Total Vol. D5LR administred 354 354 134 0.00 0.00, 0.00 0.004 0.034
Total Vol. ORS administred 354 354 134 0.00 0.00, 0.00 0.11 0.31
Total Vol. water administred 354 354 134 0.00 0.00, 0.00 0.41 0.74
Pregnancy 354
134



    No
338
— —

    Yes
16
-0.31 -1.5, 0.73 0.58 0.89
Any Comorbid Conditions 354
134



    No
348
— —

    Yes
6
1.2 -0.44, 3.2 0.17 0.44
Diabetes 354
134



    No
353
— —

    Yes
1
14 -95,
0.98 0.99
HIV 354
134



    No
352
— —

    Yes
2
15 -83,
0.98 0.99
Chronic Pulmonary Disease 354
134



    No
353
— —

    Yes
1
-13
0.98 0.99
Oral / Orogastric Fluids 354
134



    No
292
— —

    Yes
62
-0.30 -0.90, 0.27 0.32 0.66
Oxygen Therapy 354
134



    No
351
— —

    Yes
3
16 -94,
0.98 0.99
Blood Transfusion 354
134



    No
352
— —

    Yes
2
15 -83,
0.98 0.99
Vasopressors / Inotropes 354
134



    No
353
— —

    Yes
1
14 -95,
0.98 0.99
Experimental Treatment (any) 354
134



    No
209
— —

    Yes
145
0.40 -0.03, 0.84 0.071 0.24
Hyperkaliemia 354
134



    No
347
— —

    Yes
7
2.3 0.55, 5.3 0.032 0.14
Hypokaliemia 354
134



    No
344
— —

    Yes
10
-1.7 -4.7, -0.05 0.10 0.30
Renal Impairment 354
134



    No
314
— —

    Yes
40
0.33 -0.34, 1.0 0.32 0.66
Rhabdomyolysis 354
134



    No
335
— —

    Yes
19
1.3 0.39, 2.4 0.008 0.056
Severe Hypoglycemia 354
134



    No
348
— —

    Yes
6
1.2 -0.44, 3.2 0.17 0.44
Severe Thrombocytopenia 354
134



    No
351
— —

    Yes
3
-0.20 -3.3, 2.2 0.87 0.99
Bleeding 354
134



    No
318
— —

    Yes
36
0.93 0.24, 1.6 0.009 0.058
Shock 354
134



    No
352
— —

    Yes
2
15 -83,
0.98 0.99
Confusion 354
134



    No
353
— —

    Yes
1
14 -95,
0.98 0.99
Coma 354
134



    No
352
— —

    Yes
2
15 -83,
0.98 0.99
Abdominal pain anytime 354
134



    No
223
— —

    Yes
131
0.23 -0.22, 0.67 0.32 0.66
Agitation anytime 354
134



    No
343
— —

    Yes
11
1.1 -0.13, 2.4 0.087 0.27
Anorexia anytime 354
134



    No
96
— —

    Yes
258
0.53 0.03, 1.0 0.041 0.16
Anuria anytime 354
134



    No
342
— —

    Yes
12
1.7 0.42, 3.2 0.015 0.084
Chest Pain anytime 354
134



    No
277
— —

    Yes
77
0.20 -0.32, 0.71 0.45 0.74
Desorientation anytime 354
134



    No
335
— —

    Yes
19
0.86 -0.07, 1.8 0.071 0.24
Diarrhoea anytime 354
134



    No
134
— —

    Yes
220
0.90 0.43, 1.4 <0.001 0.003
Difficulty breathing anytime 354
134



    No
311
— —

    Yes
43
1.3 0.63, 2.0 <0.001 0.003
Dysphagia anytime 354
134



    No
319
— —

    Yes
35
0.36 -0.35, 1.1 0.31 0.66
Fatigue/Weakness anytime 354
134



    No
52
— —

    Yes
302
1.4 0.63, 2.2 <0.001 0.008
Fever anytime 354
134



    No
154
— —

    Yes
200
0.11 -0.32, 0.55 0.61 0.92
Headache anytime 354
134



    No
139
— —

    Yes
215
-0.17 -0.61, 0.27 0.45 0.74
Hiccups anytime 354
134



    No
328
— —

    Yes
26
0.03 -0.83, 0.84 0.95 0.99
Irriability/Confusion anytime 354
134



    No
349
— —

    Yes
5
0.91 -0.90, 3.0 0.32 0.66
Myalgia anytime 354
134



    No
271
— —

    Yes
83
0.11 -0.40, 0.61 0.68 0.98
Myalgia / Body Pain anytime 354
134



    No
165
— —

    Yes
189
0.41 -0.02, 0.85 0.064 0.24
Nausea/Vomiting anytime 354
134



    No
106
— —

    Yes
248
0.54 0.06, 1.0 0.030 0.14
Seizure anytime 354
134



    No
352
— —

    Yes
2
15 -83,
0.98 0.99
Signs of dehydration anytime 354
134



    No
314
— —

    Yes
40
0.22 -0.46, 0.88 0.52 0.82
Signs of shock anytime 354
134



    No
344
— —

    Yes
10
17 -41,
0.98 0.99
Sore throat / Swallowing anytime 354
134



    No
285
— —

    Yes
69
0.73 0.20, 1.3 0.007 0.054
unusual_bleeding_bruising_anytime 354
134



    No
268
— —

    Yes
86
1.1 0.62, 1.6 <0.001 <0.001
Abbreviations: CI = Confidence Interval, OR = Odds Ratio
1 False discovery rate correction for multiple testing
Univariate Regression: Renal Impairment
Characteristic N n_obs Event N log(OR) 95% CI p-value q-value1
Age at Admission 354 354 40 0.01 -0.01, 0.03 0.44 0.76
Age Group 354
40



    <5 years
9
— —

    5–17 years
32
13 -24, 261 0.99 >0.99
    18–24 years
72
15 -49,
0.98 >0.99
    25–34 years
94
14 -23, 262 0.99 >0.99
    35–49 years
102
15 -49,
0.99 >0.99
    50+ years
45
14 -22, 263 0.99 >0.99
Gender 354
40



    Male
151
— —

    Female
203
-0.11 -0.77, 0.56 0.75 >0.99
CT at Admission 354 354 40 -0.08 -0.14, -0.02 0.009 0.082
Admission Delay 354 354 40 0.02 -0.04, 0.08 0.43 0.76
Ebola Treatment 354
40



    None
28
— —

    REGN3470-3471-3479
111
1.5 -0.14, 4.4 0.15 0.44
    Remdesivir (GS-5734)
112
1.2 -0.52, 4.1 0.27 0.59
    Zmapp
22
1.8 -0.21, 4.8 0.12 0.44
    mAb114
79
0.97 -0.83, 3.9 0.38 0.73
    REGN3470-3471-3479 + Remdesivir (GS-5734)
1
-12
>0.99 >0.99
    mAb114 + Remdesivir (GS-5734)
1
-12
>0.99 >0.99
Total Vol. NaCl administred 354 354 40 0.00 0.00, 0.00 0.005 0.059
Total Vol. Ringer administred 354 354 40 0.00 0.00, 0.00 0.17 0.48
Total Vol. D5NS administred 354 354 40 0.00 0.00, 0.00 0.080 0.35
Total Vol. D5LR administred 354 354 40 0.00 0.00, 0.00 0.87 >0.99
Total Vol. ORS administred 354 354 40 0.00 0.00, 0.00 0.27 0.59
Total Vol. water administred 354 354 40 0.00 0.00, 0.00 0.91 >0.99
Pregnancy 354
40



    No
338
— —

    Yes
16
0.63 -0.88, 1.8 0.34 0.70
Any Comorbid Conditions 354
40



    No
348
— —

    Yes
6
-15
0.99 >0.99
Diabetes 354
40



    No
353
— —

    Yes
1
-13
0.99 >0.99
HIV 354
40



    No
352
— —

    Yes
2
-14
0.99 >0.99
Chronic Pulmonary Disease 354
40



    No
353
— —

    Yes
1
-13
0.99 >0.99
Oral / Orogastric Fluids 354
40



    No
292
— —

    Yes
62
0.52 -0.30, 1.3 0.19 0.48
Oxygen Therapy 354
40



    No
351
— —

    Yes
3
-14
0.99 >0.99
Blood Transfusion 354
40



    No
352
— —

    Yes
2
2.1 -1.2, 5.3 0.14 0.44
Vasopressors / Inotropes 354
40



    No
353
— —

    Yes
1
-13
0.99 >0.99
Experimental Treatment (any) 354
40



    No
209
— —

    Yes
145
0.99 0.32, 1.7 0.004 0.059
Hyperkaliemia 354
40



    No
347
— —

    Yes
7
3.1 1.5, 5.1 <0.001 0.009
Hypokaliemia 354
40



    No
344
— —

    Yes
10
1.7 0.34, 3.0 0.009 0.082
Rhabdomyolysis 354
40



    No
335
— —

    Yes
19
3.5 2.5, 4.7 <0.001 <0.001
Severe Hypoglycemia 354
40



    No
348
— —

    Yes
6
2.9 1.2, 4.9 0.001 0.026
Severe Thrombocytopenia 354
40



    No
351
— —

    Yes
3
1.4 -1.7, 3.8 0.26 0.59
Bleeding 354
40



    No
318
— —

    Yes
36
-0.02 -1.3, 0.97 0.97 >0.99
Shock 354
40



    No
352
— —

    Yes
2
2.1 -1.2, 5.3 0.14 0.44
Confusion 354
40



    No
353
— —

    Yes
1
-13
0.99 >0.99
Coma 354
40



    No
352
— —

    Yes
2
-14
0.99 >0.99
Abdominal pain anytime 354
40



    No
223
— —

    Yes
131
0.72 0.05, 1.4 0.034 0.19
Agitation anytime 354
40



    No
343
— —

    Yes
11
1.1 -0.42, 2.4 0.11 0.41
Anorexia anytime 354
40



    No
96
— —

    Yes
258
0.82 -0.01, 1.8 0.074 0.35
Anuria anytime 354
40



    No
342
— —

    Yes
12
1.0 -0.53, 2.3 0.14 0.44
Chest Pain anytime 354
40



    No
277
— —

    Yes
77
0.63 -0.11, 1.3 0.084 0.35
Desorientation anytime 354
40



    No
335
— —

    Yes
19
-0.08 -1.9, 1.2 0.91 >0.99
Diarrhoea anytime 354
40



    No
134
— —

    Yes
220
0.99 0.23, 1.9 0.017 0.13
Difficulty breathing anytime 354
40



    No
311
— —

    Yes
43
0.49 -0.47, 1.3 0.28 0.59
Dysphagia anytime 354
40



    No
319
— —

    Yes
35
0.01 -1.2, 1.0 0.98 >0.99
Fatigue/Weakness anytime 354
40



    No
52
— —

    Yes
302
0.82 -0.24, 2.3 0.18 0.48
Fever anytime 354
40



    No
154
— —

    Yes
200
0.28 -0.39, 0.98 0.42 0.76
Headache anytime 354
40



    No
139
— —

    Yes
215
-0.15 -0.81, 0.53 0.66 >0.99
Hiccups anytime 354
40



    No
328
— —

    Yes
26
0.69 -0.45, 1.7 0.19 0.48
Irriability/Confusion anytime 354
40



    No
349
— —

    Yes
5
0.69 -2.3, 2.6 0.54 0.89
Myalgia anytime 354
40



    No
271
— —

    Yes
83
-0.06 -0.90, 0.69 0.88 >0.99
Myalgia / Body Pain anytime 354
40



    No
165
— —

    Yes
189
0.80 0.11, 1.5 0.028 0.19
Nausea/Vomiting anytime 354
40



    No
106
— —

    Yes
248
0.97 0.14, 2.0 0.034 0.19
Seizure anytime 354
40



    No
352
— —

    Yes
2
-14
0.99 >0.99
Signs of dehydration anytime 354
40



    No
314
— —

    Yes
40
0.79 -0.12, 1.6 0.071 0.35
Signs of shock anytime 354
40



    No
344
— —

    Yes
10
0.70 -1.2, 2.1 0.39 0.73
Sore throat / Swallowing anytime 354
40



    No
285
— —

    Yes
69
0.37 -0.45, 1.1 0.35 0.70
unusual_bleeding_bruising_anytime 354
40



    No
268
— —

    Yes
86
-0.28 -1.2, 0.49 0.50 0.84
Abbreviations: CI = Confidence Interval, OR = Odds Ratio
1 False discovery rate correction for multiple testing
  • EVD Outcome Multivariate Model
  • Renal Impairment Multivariate Model
Final LASSO-selected Logistic Regression: EVD Outcome
Characteristic N n_obs Event N OR 95% CI p-value Significance1 Direction
Age at admission 354 354 134 1.02 1.00, 1.05 0.11 ⬆
CT at admission 354 354 134 0.69 0.63, 0.76 <0.001 *** ⬇
admission_delay 354 354 134 1.13 1.03, 1.24 0.009 ** ⬆
Ebola treatment 354
134




    None
28
— —


    REGN3470-3471-3479
111
1.09 0.30, 3.94 0.90 ⬆
    Remdesivir (GS-5734)
112
5.13 1.40, 18.7 0.013 * ⬆
    Zmapp
22
13.1 2.10, 81.8 0.006 ** ⬆
    mAb114
79
1.08 0.28, 4.16 0.91 ⬆
    REGN3470-3471-3479, Remdesivir (GS-5734)
1
0.00 0.00, Inf >0.99 ⬇
    mAb114, Remdesivir (GS-5734)
1
0.00 0.00, Inf >0.99 ⬇
Total NaCl administered 354 354 134 1.00 1.00, 1.00 0.063 . ⬇
Total Ringer administered 354 354 134 1.00 1.00, 1.00 0.24 ⬇
Total D5LR administered 354 354 134 1.00 1.00, 1.00 0.52 ⬆
Total ORS administered 354 354 134 1.00 1.00, 1.00 0.18 ⬇
chronic_pulmonary_disease 354
134




    No
353
— —


    Yes
1
0.00 0.00, Inf >0.99 ⬇
Oral/orogastric Fluids (ORS) 354
134




    No
292
— —


    Yes
62
0.59 0.22, 1.60 0.30 ⬇
oxygen_therapy 354
134




    No
351
— —


    Yes
3
1,450,723 0.00, Inf >0.99 ⬆
vasopressors_inotropes 354
134




    No
353
— —


    Yes
1
41,625,024 0.00, Inf >0.99 ⬆
Hyperkaliemia 354
134




    No
347
— —


    Yes
7
69.9 0.37, 13,224 0.11 ⬆
hypokaliemia 354
134




    No
344
— —


    Yes
10
0.69 0.06, 8.02 0.77 ⬇
Renal impairment 354
134




    No
314
— —


    Yes
40
0.44 0.15, 1.31 0.14 ⬇
Severe Hypoglycemia 354
134




    No
348
— —


    Yes
6
7.48 0.15, 379 0.31 ⬆
bleeding 354
134




    No
318
— —


    Yes
36
2.02 0.59, 6.95 0.26 ⬆
confusion 354
134




    No
353
— —


    Yes
1
171 0.00, Inf >0.99 ⬆
Anuria anytime 354
134




    No
342
— —


    Yes
12
1.71 0.27, 11.0 0.57 ⬆
Difficulty breathing anytime 354
134




    No
311
— —


    Yes
43
5.00 1.66, 15.1 0.004 ** ⬆
Fatigue/weakness anytime 354
134




    No
52
— —


    Yes
302
3.65 1.02, 13.0 0.046 * ⬆
Headache anytime 354
134




    No
139
— —


    Yes
215
0.61 0.29, 1.28 0.19 ⬇
Nausea/vomiting anytime 354
134




    No
106
— —


    Yes
248
0.48 0.21, 1.09 0.080 . ⬇
Signs of dehydration anytime 354
134




    No
314
— —


    Yes
40
0.29 0.09, 0.92 0.036 * ⬇
Signs of shock anytime 354
134




    No
344
— —


    Yes
10
98,448,486 0.00, Inf 0.98 ⬆
Sore throat/swallowing anytime 354
134




    No
285
— —


    Yes
69
1.48 0.62, 3.52 0.37 ⬆
Unusual bleeding bruising anytime 354
134




    No
268
— —


    Yes
86
1.72 0.77, 3.85 0.19 ⬆
Abbreviations: CI = Confidence Interval, OR = Odds Ratio
1 Odds ratios (OR) obtained by exponentiating the logistic regression coefficients (β). OR > 1 indicates increased odds of the outcome; OR < 1 indicates decreased odds.
Final LASSO-selected Logistic Regression: Renal Impairment
Characteristic N n_obs Event N OR 95% CI p-value Significance1 Direction
Ebola treatment 354
40




    None
28
— —


    REGN3470-3471-3479
111
2.88 0.45, 58.7 0.35 ⬆
    Remdesivir (GS-5734)
112
1.07 0.14, 22.6 0.96 ⬆
    Zmapp
22
1.29 0.09, 35.8 0.86 ⬆
    mAb114
79
0.77 0.09, 17.2 0.83 ⬇
    REGN3470-3471-3479, Remdesivir (GS-5734)
1
0.00
>0.99 ⬇
    mAb114, Remdesivir (GS-5734)
1
0.00
>0.99 ⬇
Total NaCl administered 354 354 40 1.00 1.00, 1.00 0.067 . ⬆
Experimental treatment 354
40




    No
209
— —


    Yes
145
2.74 1.16, 6.73 0.024 * ⬆
Hyperkaliemia 354
40




    No
347
— —


    Yes
7
19.7 2.15, 219 0.009 ** ⬆
hypokaliemia 354
40




    No
344
— —


    Yes
10
12.5 2.46, 58.9 0.001 ** ⬆
rhabdomyolysis 354
40




    No
335
— —


    Yes
19
41.5 12.2, 166 <0.001 *** ⬆
Severe Hypoglycemia 354
40




    No
348
— —


    Yes
6
20.1 1.70, 239 0.015 * ⬆
Abbreviations: CI = Confidence Interval, OR = Odds Ratio
1 Odds ratios (OR) obtained by exponentiating the logistic regression coefficients (β). OR > 1 indicates increased odds of the outcome; OR < 1 indicates decreased odds.
  • Survival by experimental treatment
  • Survival by median Ct
  • Survival by Ct threshold
  • Survival by median age
  • Survival by age group
  • Survival by sex
  • PCR Negativation by experimental treatment
  • PCR Negativation by median Ct
  • PCR Negativation by Ct threshold
  • PCR Negativation by median age
  • PCR Negativation by age group
  • PCR Negativation by sex
  • Factors associated with Death
  • Factors associated with Negativation
  • Predictive Ct threshold of Outcome


This dashboard displays statistics of reported cases of EVD in 🇨🇩, North Kivu, in 2018-2019:

Total cases 463
Total death 150
Female cases 56%
Below 5 yrs 2%

Disclaimer

Data are provided by many contributors through the the WHO Clinical data platform and are not necessarily representative. To become a contributor, please see the terms of use and register here.